Their addictions started with a single hit.
Each Thursday, students meet around lunch time at Forest City Regional High School. The teenagers may have vaped for the first time in a school bathroom or shared an e-cigarette with a flavor such as cotton candy or watermelon with a group of friends.
Now, those students — and countless others in Northeast Pennsylvania — don’t know how to stop.
This fall, the small school started a support group and cessation program for students desperate for help.
“They come to us in tears,” said physics teacher Dan Nebzydoski, who helps run the support group. “They say they can’t quit.”
Just two years after educators began catching students vaping in restrooms, parking lots and even classrooms, officials call vaping a crisis in the region’s schools.
Nationwide, e-cigarette use among high school students increased 78% from 2017 to 2018, according to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. The American Lung Association claims 5,700 teens start vaping every day.
“It’s a major, major issue in our schools,” said Valley View Superintendent Michael Boccella, Ed.D. “Vaping does not discriminate. We have athletes doing it, kids on the honor roll. We’ve had students, when we catch them, thank us. They say, ‘I’m trying to quit, but I can’t. I need help.’”
Recent vaping-related illnesses and deaths have increased the need for awareness and education. As of last week, 2,172 cases of e-cigarette- or vaping-related lung injuries have been reported to U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The agency has confirmed 42 deaths in 24 states and the District of Columbia.
At least 40% of kids have vaped at least once, according to the CDC.
“You’re hearing about children or students who are dying as a result of vaping,” Lakeland Superintendent William King said. “Ten, 15, 20 years from now, none of us have a true understanding of what the problems will be. It’s really scary. At the end of the day, education is key.”
Vaping dangers
Electronic cigarettes, or e-cigarettes, have been sold in the U.S. for about a decade. Commonly marketed as a safer alternative to smoking cigarettes, the devices allow users to inhale an aerosol containing nicotine or other substances.
Sometimes referred to by the brand JUUL, vapes or vape pens, the battery-operated devices use a heating element to heat e-liquid from a refillable cartridge, releasing a chemical-filled aerosol — often with minty or fruity flavors. In September, President Donald Trump’s administration called for a ban on flavored e-cigarettes, though the government has taken no final action.
A recent study from the University of North Carolina found that even in small doses, inhaling the two primary ingredients found in e-cigarettes — propylene glycol and vegetable glycerin — is likely to expose users to a high level of toxins. The more ingredients a user is inhaling, the greater the toxicity, according to the American Lung Association. The mid- to long-term consequences of e-cigarettes are not yet known.
“We’re not seeing kids who smoke cigarettes,” said Robert DeLuca, West Scranton High School principal. “They think vaping is better than cigarettes. We have to educate these kids. They just don’t know.”
Tony Delonti, a program specialist with the American Lung Association, regularly speaks to local students and parents about the dangers of vaping.
“It’s a crisis for young people and for the schools, too,” he said. “We did a pretty good job getting smoking rates down, but then sure enough, this product comes along and pulls people back into that nicotine addiction.”
When Delonti presents to teachers and parents, he shows how discreet e-cigarettes have become.
Most high schools have drawers or boxes filled with confiscated devices, some that look like USB drives, lipstick tubes or asthma inhalers. Some principals have even found students wearing hooded sweatshirts that hide the vape in the drawstrings.
“We have kids using this product who would never consider smoking,” Delonti said. “The high-impact nicotine hits the brain quickly, and addiction takes over quickly. They find themselves getting addicted really young. … Some of these people are near death because their lungs are filled up with fluids.”
Raising awareness
At Forest City, educators began to realize they had a major problem when they walked by restrooms and detected the smell of cotton candy last year. Students estimated at least half of their peers used e-cigarettes. Teachers and administrators knew they needed immediate action.
The 796-student district, which draws students from parts of Lackawanna, Susquehanna and Wayne counties, received assistance from the Wayne County Drug and Alcohol Commission to begin offering the Project Connect nicotine cessation program. Teachers received training on how to run the voluntary support group, and seven students began in the district’s first group this fall.
Nebzydoski and math teacher Cynthia Weiss, who run the group and facilitate lessons on topics including triggers, health consequences and goal-setting, applaud students for seeking help.
For students caught vaping in school, the district also changed its approach to discipline. Instead of giving students out-of-school suspensions, where the students would “sit around and vape all day,” the students now serve in-school suspensions with mandatory education on the dangers of vaping, Nebzydoski said.
Officials in other districts are also rethinking student discipline.
“The knee-jerk reaction is to address vaping with suspension,” Riverside Superintendent Paul Brennan said. “However, we have to take a closer look at our policies to make sure that prevention, redirection and intervention are incorporated.”
Riverside may soon install vaping detectors in restrooms. Districts have also updated the curriculum in middle school and high school health classes to address vaping.
At Abington Heights, students have also taken an active role in education. The TRU — Tobacco Resistance Unit — traveled to Harrisburg in the spring to push for increasing the minimum age to purchase and use tobacco products from 18 to 21.
“I think our students, through the efforts of other students, are becoming more aware of the harms,” Superintendent Michael Mahon, Ph.D., said. “They’re learning about the dangers. The nicotine is intense.”
During the morning announcements at Forest City, the school broadcasts news stories about vaping-related illnesses. Having the lowest enrollment in the region, teachers say they work in a close-knit community that makes students comfortable with seeking help.
In the support group, three students hope by Thanksgiving to make significant progress in kicking their vaping addiction.
“We’ve cared about them for so long,” Weiss said. “They know they can come to us. … We’re attached to them for a lifetime.”
Contact the writer: shofius@timesshamrock.com; 570-348-9133; @hofiushallTT on Twitter
How to get help
To quit vaping, visit smokefree.gov or call 800-QUIT-NOW. For tips on how to talk to your child about vaping, visit thevapetalk.org.
Six signs your teen is vaping
One major issue with vaping is that parents, teachers and school administrators have a hard time knowing when kids are actually doing it. Many of the vaping devices look like everyday objects that would be used for another purpose. And since there’s no smoke, it’s hard to catch kids in the act. The aerosol also dissipates quickly and leaves no residue.
It’s hard to tell if your child is vaping, but these signs may help you figure it out:
n Unusual items. Some vaping devices resemble common items like USB drives and pens so they may not be that easy to spot, but they usually have holes on each end. They can also look like more traditional smoking devices. Keep an eye out for refill pods, atomizers and cartridges, which some vaping devices use, and batteries that require recharging. Organic cotton balls and thin metallic coils are other components used when vaping. Vaping devices can also be hidden inside of common items like highlighters.
n Sweet smell. Although odorless liquids can be used in electronic smoking devices, many teens choose scented vapor. The most popular flavors are sweet so you may notice an unusually sweet smell, although it goes away quickly.
n Changes in thirst and taste. The process of vaping makes users’ mouths dry. So if you see kids drinking more than usual, it may be a sign they’re vaping. A dry mouth also makes food taste less flavorful, so if your child is using more spices or salt, that may also be a clue.
n Nosebleeds. Not only does the mouth get dry when vaping but so does the inside of the nose as the vapor is exhaled through the nostrils. This can result in nosebleeds.
n Less need for caffeine. Vaping causes some people to be more sensitive to caffeine. If your teen is skipping the daily caffeine fix, it may be time to look for other signs of vaping.
n Unexplained cough, throat-clearing or mouth sores. Researchers have linked vaping to mouth wounds that won’t heal and a smoker’s-like cough.
— UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA HEALTH SYSTEM
What is in e-cigarette aerosol?
E-cigarette aerosol is not harmless water vapor.
The e-cigarette aerosol that users breathe from the device and exhale can contain harmful and potentially harmful substances, including:
n Nicotine.
n Ultrafine particles that can be inhaled deep into the lungs.
n Flavorings such as diacetyl, a chemical linked to a serious lung disease.
n Volatile organic compounds.
n Cancer-causing chemicals.
n Heavy metals such as nickel, tin and lead.
The aerosol that users inhale and exhale from e-cigarettes can expose both the user and bystanders to harmful substances.
It is difficult for consumers to know what e-cigarette products contain. For example, some e-cigarettes marketed as containing zero percent nicotine have been found to contain nicotine.
— U.S. CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION